ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Coronaviruses are globally emerging viruses that threaten our health care systems and have become a popular pandemic around the world. This causes a sudden rise in positive coronavirus cases and related deaths to occur worldwide, representing a significant health hazard to humans and the economy. METHODS: We examined predominantly catechins of green tea include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and drugs of chloroquine (CQ), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appearing to reveal anti-viral activities. Data were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. To investigate the role of antiviral effects (CQ and HCQ), green tea catechins, beneficial use of convalescent plasma; covaxin in COVID-19 patients faced a dangerous healthiness issue. Computational docking analysis has been used for this purpose. RESULTS: The lead compounds are EGCG and ECG act as potential inhibitors bind to the active site region of the HKU4-CoV 3CL protease and M-Pro protease enzymes of coronavirus. Conclusions: SARS-COV-2 is a pathogen of substantial vigour concern and the review unveils the role of catechins associated with many viral diseases. We suggested that the function of green tea catechins, novel drugs of CQ, and HCQ exhibit antiviral activities against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (CoVs).
ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection, usually seen in diabetics, immunocompromised, or those with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gastrointestinal involvement is uncommon but often deadly. We report a case of gastrointestinal mucormycosis causing intestinal perforation in a non-diabetic, COVID-19 negative, immunocompetent woman, associated with puerperal sepsis. A 22-year-old woman presented to our center on post-natal day five, following delivery with insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). She had complaints of breathlessness, fatigue, and giddiness. Examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, and bilateral pedal edema. Following appropriate investigations, she was diagnosed with puerperal sepsis with pre-renal acute kidney injury. Imaging was suggestive of retained products of conception, and she subsequently underwent dilation and evacuation (D&E) on day eight of admission. Following brief symptomatic improvement, on day 10 of admission, she developed vomiting, abdominal distension, and pain, with obstipation. Erect X-ray showed air under the diaphragm, suggestive of perforation. She emergently underwent laparotomy with limited right hemicolectomy, ileostomy with mucous fistula. Intraoperative findings revealed a closed-loop obstruction involving terminal ileum, with two perforations. The biopsy report later revealed colonization of Mucor and hemorrhagic necrosis along the entire length of the resected specimen. She was started on amphotericin B, and after a slow recovery, was discharged. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is rare and has a mortality rate of 94%. It is usually seen in those with predisposing factors for mucormycosis. This is the first report of mucormycosis associated with puerperal sepsis. It is typically acquired via ingestion and may cause perforation, where mortality is further increased. Diagnosis can only be confirmed by histopathology demonstrating the characteristic morphology of Mucor. Treatment requires resection of necrotic tissues, intensive treatment with amphotericin B, and correction of predisposing factors. Our case highlights the need for a high degree of suspicion for mucormycosis in patients with intestinal perforation, even if immunocompetent, and its potential association with puerperal sepsis.